NASA’s Space Apps challenge 2019 has an interesting and exciting list of challenges for its participants! Here are some details on these challenges that will give the background to understand them:
Earth’s Oceans:
Oceans
are nature’s most prominent blessing for human survival. It was the first thing
that is compulsory to exist after just after the Earth’s formation. From
seashores to the seafloors, sea ice and the creature under the ocean Earth’s
sea are wondrous.
But you
know, with every passing year there, the problems are increasing in oceans’
atmosphere and deep inside the ocean.
The
water covers roughly 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, and it appears to be
practically none of that marine breed is untouchable to be harmful. From
research, it is stated that only 13.2 percent of the world’s sea remains truly
wild.
Ocean
garbage and excessive use of polythene are affecting marine life; it is getting
hard for them to survive. However, it also has a devastating effect on the
ecosystem of the ocean. Another element is the rise in sea level which could
end Human life, especially those who are living in coastal zones.
NASA in its Space Apps Challenge will be providing its data for you to find the solution to overcome these problems and make the Earth’s ocean again a blessing for Humans and marine life as well. The challenges in this category are:
As we all know, the Earth is comprised of land, water, air, and living things. To understand Earth, it is necessary to understand all these components work together. NASA provides you its data about Earth, which will help you to develop solutions. These solutions will be in the form of a game, a story, a video. Any product that you deem suitable according to the challenge. The main theme is to capture the essence of living on our blue planet! Following are the challenges in this category:
On November 7, 2016, when darkness was about to prevail in the US, even darker news shocked the whole world. CNN was projecting Donald Trump, the least probable candidate ever in US election history, as the winner of the election and 46th president of the United States of America. I thought maybe it was just a coincidence, a mere glitch of democracy, but it was not as later developments showed. It was a well-crafted victory driven by most powerful tools on the earth, probably more potent than nuclear arsenals: data and artificial intelligence.
The process behind this started many years before this historic win. It started when a Canadian data scientist, Christopher Wylie, saw a research paper on how personality traits can be linked to political affiliation accurately. It was just another psychology paper, but there was something that made it so attractive: data. Before the AI era to analyze people and their behavior, companies would hire psychologists, those after several or sometimes many sessions provided their results. But this paper was using facebook data for analyzing the public and their choices. Like it was possible to get substantial scale data freely, and more data meant more precise artificially intelligent models. Based on this paper’s idea, Wylie founded a company with the name of Cambridge Analytica, which turned the election for Donald Trump.
Why was Facebook data so crucial to all of this? Because data is one of the essential commodities for artificial intelligence and techniques used by Cambridge Analytica and is truely recalled “oil of the future.” To understand the importance of data, we first need to understand how artificial intelligence or machine learning systems work — most AI systems based on discovering like a child. To make a model learn, you first need to have training data. Suppose you want a computer to visualize a picture and tell whether it is a dog or a cat. You have to feed some of the relevant pics of these animals; the model can guess the picture. Then you will feed your model with labels, and it changes itself to produce correct labels. This process will keep on going for all the pictures many times, and in the end, the model will be able to predict a new picture for cat and dog. And the more data you have, the more accurate your model would be.
The cat-dog model may look simple to you, but the powerful thing about this technology is how easy it is to scale it up. All you have to do is to formulate your problem like the cat-dog one. Do you want cars to be driverless? Put cameras on it, made a few hundred drivers run a car for some thousands of miles. Record driver’s activity along with camera pictures, train your model with this pair of data, and you can develop a driverless car. Do you want a computer to diagnose cancer? Take one hundred thousand examples of ultrasounds of people with and without cancer and fed with artificially intelligent models, you will get a cancer diagnosis system that can outperform even expert doctors.
Similarly, in the US election campaign, social media have had massive secret data. Fortunately for Wylie, at that time, Facebook allowed scientists to gather data for research purposes. Wylie collaborated with a psychology professor and made a cute “personality quiz” app that you might have seen on Facebook and other websites. But the malicious thing about this app was that it not only collected personality traits with the psychological questionnaire but also collected other data of the user such as likes, status updates and friend lists, and even data of the friends.
Okay, Cambridge Analytica got this treasure; however, the most critical question is, how did they use it to win the election? For a candidate to win an election, he/she has to approach voters and convince them through tv advertisements, newspaper ads, billboards, rallies. This kind of advertisement target everyone equally, but everyone has a mentality. Some people might be convinced with religion-based messages while others may like anti-corruption campaigns and so on. So one kind of message may not work for everyone. Then the question is, how can we feed people messages that indeed affect them.
Psychology has one answer to this question: personality models. Based on a quiz of 100 questions, you can broadly classify a person into one of the personality types. Based on the personality type, you can find many things about a person, such as his political ideology, things he will like, things to change his ideology. Around 250,000 people took personality quizzes, and Cambridge Analytica got their likes, status updates, place of living, and friend lists. Along with these quizzes, it created a labeled dataset of 250,000 people: each person’s facebook data and personality type. Cambridge Analytica also had data from all the friends of these 250,000 people: a total of 80,000,000 people. They used the labeled data to find the personality type of each person, and now they know almost everyone in the USA.
But this was not the end of the story. This data provided a complete view of how voters in different areas think. Knowing what people think is not enough. To win a presidentship, especially for someone as bad as Donald Trump, you also need to change how people perceive you. To do this, they started by doing targeted camping on Facebook. On Facebook, you can target a specified audience for ads. Cambridge Analytica used this tool and targeted a very specified audience with ads that were most relevant to them. This audience was the people who were most prone to certain kinds of things like laws about guns, healthcare. They also provided powerful campaign slogans and issues to hit. This way, Cambridge Analytica provided a data-driven and kind of an artificially intelligent machine to create propaganda and won the election for Doland Trump. They weaponized the data and AI.
Unfortunately, we can not label this success as coincidental since Cambridge Analytica successfully used their skills to meddle elections of many countries. It tells us how relevant data and artificial intelligence are and how they can use it to perform illegal acts. Therefore, the real threat of artificial intelligence is not about the robot apocalypse or computers taking over the world, but a powerful technology is a toy for evil.
One of the most exciting science events of the year is World Space Week which is held from 4 to 10 October annually across different countries and continents. It is “an international celebration of science and technology and their contribution to the betterment of the human condition”. Here is a look at how WSW 2019 was celebrated around the world.
CERN, the largest particle physics laboratory in the world, showed a glimpse into new technologies while celebrating WSW 2019.
Did you know that the Timepix technology developed at CERN is being used for radiation monitoring in space?
The Australian Space Agency honored scientist Brian O’Brien, who developed experiment modules for the Apollo Missions.
According to data from the Dust Detector Experiment designed by Australian Professor Brian O'Brien and flown to the Moon on Apollo 11, 12, 14 and 15, dust accumulates on the lunar surface at the rate of 1mm per 1,000 years. #WSW2019 📸 : @NASApic.twitter.com/5i3j9LJs9U
— British Geological Survey (@BritGeoSurvey) October 4, 2019
The theme for this year was The Moon: Gateway to the Stars. UK Space Agency shared an interview with Scientist Jim Green on the future missions to Moon.
We’re all about the Moon this World Space Week. 🌑 @NASA Chief Scientist Jim Green spoke to us recently at @UKspace2019 about the Moon and plans for international collaboration.
Different activities were held around the world to celebrate World Space Week. Pakistan Science Club also organized various activities for kids and science enthusiasts.
Electrons have a unique spin. Scientists working on quantum computers have been trying to use this characteristic electronic spin of individual electrons in quantum dots to serve as the smallest units to store information. However, the process is massively time-consuming. However, scientists from the University of Oxford, in collaboration with Basel and Lancaster University, have developed an algorithm for machine learning that can be used to measure quantum dots automatically.
Dr. Natalia Ares from the University of Oxford’s Department of Materials said: ‘For the first time, we’ve applied machine learning to perform efficient measurements in gallium arsenide quantum dots, thereby allowing for the characterization of large arrays of quantum devices.’
Scientists have already discovered for many years that the characteristic electronic spin of electrons is the smallest and a perfect candidate for the storage of information. These information units to be used in quantum computers are called “qubit”.
Professor Dr. Dominik Zumbühl from the University of Basel said: ‘With this work, we’ve made a key contribution that will pave the way for large-scale qubit architectures.’
Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor particles of the size of a few nanometers. Individual electrons, with distinct electronic spin, are trapped inside the quantum dots. With changing voltages inside the trap, the electrons inside the quantum dot can be controlled reliably and their spins can be varied by changing the voltages.
However, this process of tuning the number of electrons, coming into the quantum dots from reservoirs via tunneling effects, and controlling the spins of electrons has to be done very carefully to achieve optimal results. Several quantum dots are used simultaneously in quantum devices, and this tuning process becomes a very time- consuming process.
Now the scientists, by providing data of varying voltages across the quantum dots, for machine learning, have trained the machines to carry out this humongous task.
This breakthrough algorithm for machine learning to fine-tune quantum dots will help to automate the process.
Our aim is to provide something exciting and knowledgeable in each of our editions and we value your opinions. For the September edition, Scientia’s editorial team reached to public and asked a few questions about artificial intelligence following the theme of the edition. The questions were:
Can artificial intelligence be dangerous?
How will artificial intelligence change the future?
Will China be the AI superpower?
Does Boston Dynamics change our idea of what Robots can do?
Some of the insightful responses are shared below.
MUHAMMAD AWAIS
1. It might be but not in the Hollywood style robots-taking-over scenario. There are two ways things can go wrong: AI becoming the monopoly or it going in the wrong hands. To understand the first threat, consider the scenario of an AI breakthrough, let’s say an AI that can do research in science. This kind of AI can revolutionize everything. Now consider it in the hands of one company. This company can achieve anything by just throwing more resources at it and can dominate everything. The second conceivable threat of AI is it being in the wrong hands: for instance, dictators. This will create a dystopian state like the one presented in 1984. A state with no privacy and everything under the eye of “big brother”. This is not far-fetched as China is already using AI for surveillance of its people.
2. If the speed of the innovations in AI continues at the pace being done right now, our future will be very very different. Almost all aspects of life will be different; you will see all the vehicles being driverless, computer doctors, teachers, movies and music produced by AI and so much more. But the most disruptive change will be in the jobs sector. Modern humans have a very strong connection with jobs and jobs probably define us. Consider a future where almost all of the jobs are taken by automation and AI? Apart from the money, what will most of the humans do? What things will define and give meaning to their life?
3. It is probable but not certain. While China has a lot of resources, data and evermore spending on AI, it still lacks AI talent. China also lacks a consistent government system which means we do know how China’s policies will change after Xi Jinping. On the other hand, the US has most of the AI talent, big companies with lots of data, great research culture and most importantly consistent governments and policies. So the US has more chances of being AI power than China.
4. Yes. It has done some fascinating things though it is still far fetched to have Boston Dynamics like robots in the wild.
**************************
AFTAB SARWAR, Islamabad
1. Yes, it’s one of the most lethal weapons of the future.
2. The greatest impact will on automation. Coffee makers to public transport to drone swarms, everything will be automated. Who control AI logic will control the world.
3. China, to some experts, is already an AI superpower.
*****************************
ABID MIR, Quetta
1. There are certain dangers associated with artificial intelligence just like any other new technology. But in general, I believe it is safer than nuclear technology.
2. It can be very beneficial for our species, it can work on many things like finding out ways to reduce the effects of climate change, it can drive cars, etcetera. The main point is that it will free up Human creativity. We may see a new boom in art and literature in the future.
3. China is working really hard to progress in technology ahead of all the other countries, but as of now, it is unclear if china can create new technologies or just replicate them. Surely China has the means to become an AI superpower.
4. Boston Dynamic is doing a great job in robotics, but my main objection about it is that it’s all be done for the United States military, unlike Toyota. Toyota is also working on robotics and others too, who are not doing it for military applications.
*******************************
ENOS OYE, Europe
1. Artificial intelligence is based on data that is processed by a setup program which gives actions. If it is dangerous depends on how you program it. You may make it intentional dangerous by using it in a combat drone shooting on everything that moves.
2. A self-driving car is unintentionally dangerous, but they have become better, and the best are now as dangerous as the average driver.
3. I have little faith in the AI taking over the world scenario, to do anything like that we have to make a quantum computer which is truly intelligent like our brain, still, it is up to the programmer to make it dangerous or not.
**************************
Asmat U Allah, Lahore
1. AI is dangerous to some extent because it Rebots relaces humans, contributing to global warming and several serious diseases. Due to increasing cybercrimes, a third world war could not be ignored which will be a cyberwar ( most probably).
2. Artificial intelligence changes the future like all the universe & world is in our hands, we can explore & access information easily, we wish to know about the world or even in the universe.
3. China will be the superpower but it should convince its neighbor countries to do transactions & take strict action against extremity. In this era, Russia, Pakistan, & India must have to revoke America to stop its illegal interruption specifically in the sub-continent.
Asmara missed the days when she was a carefree young girl and not a mother of five. Nowadays, life was always about feeding, cleaning, changing, and managing the house. She had just spent a hectic morning scolding her maid for not keeping an eye on the rest of the kids while she had gone to drop off her eldest son to his first day of school. The maid had mumbled about being overburdened; taking care of the house chores along with naughty little ones. There was so much work to do that one pair of helping hands were simply not sufficient enough. And yet, Asmara could not afford to keep more for her house.
Flipping through the channels was boring her out until a bright ad strip at the bottom of a news channel caught her attention. Asmara grabbed her phone and went to the website being displayed. The government had been planning to start a new program for house help many months ago, and now it was finally being declared effective. The prime minister had signed a contract with a group of engineers who claimed they had made robots capable of doing human activities such as cooking, cleaning, gardening and organizing things and could be controlled by their owners.
The best part was that since this was a new scheme, the government would be actually PAYING the first dozen people who were willing to give the robots a chance along with honest feedback! Asmara read and reread to make sure she wasn’t mistaken. She couldn’t believe her eyes. Of course, a robot would be a hundred times faster and efficient, and they would get PAID! Her husband was even more excited than herself when Asmara showed him all the details on the website that night. They filled the forms together and had their fingers crossed for what was coming up. ……………………….
One month later, Mr. Kazi, head of the team who had made the robots and negotiated with the government, stood on Asmara’s doorstep with a robot-woman beside him. He was ushered in and given the warmest of welcomes, given the most extravagant tea and a lot of smiles by Asmara and her husband. He gave them the batteries and told them they would have to be changed annually. He gave them all the necessary guidelines and then got up to leave.
“Here is your payment, like the government promised. And should you have any problems with your new helper, you may call on the number available at the website. We will wait for your feedback, which we would like to receive in a few months.” Mr. Kazi smiled broadly and departed. The Robot that stood like a statue in their living room was a mesmerizing spectacle of technology. Asmara looked just like a human. Her face was pale, smooth, and expressionless. She had dark curls tied at the back of her head. She wore a light blue shalwar kameez with dupatta, scattered with a floral pattern and white sandals. Except for a small square at the back of her neck, where the batteries were to be put, no one could tell she was a machine. “Alright. I believe we’re ready to test her, yes?” Rauf asked. Asmara nodded tentatively. The batteries were put into place, and then they stepped back. The Robot, only after 5 seconds, came to life. The Robot, named Ruby, blinked her eyes slowly, looked all around her, fixed her gaze onto Asmara, and smiled slowly. “Hello.” She said in a perfectly sweet and melodious voice. They told Ruby about house chores and her responsibilities, including taking care of kids.
Ruby seemed to have an extraordinarily powerful memory and was quick to learn everything. She had a fantastic speed and could multitask as though it was a piece of cake. The children had loved her instantly when they had been introduced to her. She was perky, intelligent, and easily socialized. She changed and washed the children, played with them, helped with Zain’s homework, cleaned up their mess, and read them stories. She was great at cooking and could tidy up a room in less than 10 minutes. She had strong hands and could move around heavy objects quickly, iron the clothes, water the plants, mow the grass, and scrub the floors until they shone.
The best part was that Ruby was never tired. At night when the children were all tucked into bed, she gave an excellent massage to Asmara for a full hour. She was good at providing pedicures, facials, and shaving hair. Asmara and Rauf had their own parlor at their fingertips too! She would oil and comb their hair also. The only duties they decided were not to be handed over to Ruby were driving and outdoor chores. Asmara was only left with the responsibility of picking and dropping Zain and caressing her children if she felt like it. She felt free and young and took to her writing again. She had been a novelist before the twins had been born, but she hadn’t had the time to touch a pen ever since.
She could jot down the ideas that kept brimming inside her and do whatever she liked. A very shocked and disturbed Yasmin had been given her last pay that month. Life at Asmara’s had changed so much. She had regained her youthful glow, and her face was fuller, her eyes sparkling, and her smile merrier. Rauf, a foodie, had been delighted when it was discovered that Ruby can cook anything, once a recipe explained. The family enjoyed new cuisines and desserts almost every day, licking fingers and smacking their lips. “Deeeelicious!” Rauf patted his growing belly and belched. “Wonderful, Ruby, wonderful!”
In the few hours that Ruby went up to the attic to lie on her bed, her ‘brain’ revised the events of the whole day and replayed them, analyzing along the way. She was aware that she was a massive help to the family, and the kids loved her. The grown-ups loved her. Everyone depended on her, and that was just the way she liked it. ………………………
Time passed by. Life at Asmara’s household had become comfortable, slightly too soft, one would say. Ruby had everything under control and on time. But there was neglect and carelessness on the part of the parents. Asmara was always indulging in reading and writing or watching films, and Rauf never stopped eating once he started. His once slender figure now sagged with bulk and he looked ten years older than he was. The children had become so obsessed with their new caretaker that they barely asked for their parents’ attention.
It was as though the whole house had gone into a robotic mode, each person absorbed in their own cocoon of supposed luxury and leisure. It was only Ruby who knew what everyone needed, what was to be cooked that day, and what was going on in everyone’s lives. Ruby had asked, instead demanded, one day that she could go and get the groceries as well. Several of the trips were accompanied by Asmara herself, but Ruby was so good at speeding up and down the aisles and making up the bills that soon Asmara decided she could be trusted.
Ruby didn’t need the car, she was such an avid walker, and carrying all the shopping bags was no problem for her. She was smart at calculations and keeping track of the finances as well. It was not until Rauf’s mother, Mrs. Baig, stopped by one day that things changed. She was surprised to see that the robot maid had maintained the house so well but was very disappointed to see her son so fat and her daughter-in-law in such an idle state. The door was answered by Ruby, she was led into the living room by Ruby, she was served a cold drink by Ruby, her grandchildren were given int her lap by Ruby. It was Ruby, Ruby, Ruby everywhere.
“You sit and drink, I will call madam.” Ruby sped up the stairs and returned with Amara at her heels. “Salaam, mummy!” Asmara opened her arms to embrace her and sat down beside her. She could feel her mother-in-law’s eyes on Ruby, filled with loathing. “Ruby, why don’t you go to the kitchen and start preparing lunch?” When she was gone, Mrs. Baig started lecturing her. She seemed to be full as though the weight had been removed from a pressure cooker inside her. She did not like it one bit how the household was left totally on the responsibility of a machine and how her son and his wife were becoming indolent couch potatoes. The upbringing of children’s had laid down on a robot, and there was minimum interaction between them and their parents. Asmara felt that her mother-in-law was indeed right and, her head bowed, kept listening.
From the kitchen, Ruby listened too. It made her angry to be called a ‘machine’ and a ‘robot’ by this old woman. Ruby proudly considered herself part of the family, and she believed the other house members thought so too. She would have to deal with this old ninny. Later that afternoon, Asmara went to pick her son because of Mrs. Baig’s admonishing. The old lady was sitting comfortably on the settee closest to the bay window, soaking in the sun and reciting on her rosary. Ruby went to the closet in the store and fetched the washing line, a strong but thin rope on which she draped the laundry to dry on the rooftop. She tiptoed into the living room. Mrs. Baig’s was facing the window and seemed unaware of her presence. Perfect.
What happened in the next few seconds baffled poor Mrs. Baig. Ruby grabbed hold of both her shoulders, dragged her off the settee and threw her onto the floor. Immediately she jumped on top and tied her legs and arms to her body. The Robot was reliable and pinned her down ferociously so that she was unable to move. Mrs. Baig struggled and kicked, but Ruby was powerful. She snatched Mrs. Baig’s dupatta and stuffed it in her mouth. Ruby got up and dusted her hands, admiring her handiwork as Mrs. Baig lay thrashing on the floor like a fish, her eyes dripping with hatred and anger at this absurdity and her screams muffled.
Ruby dragged the wildly wriggling lady across the hall and was about to haul her down the basement stairs when the door opened, and there stood Asmara, holding son’s hand. One look at the scene and she froze in horror. “Wh…what in the name of Lord—- “ Before she could finish, Ruby kicked and sent Mrs. Baig bumping down the stairs, who was now hysterical. She landed with a crash at the bottom. Before Asmara could do anything, Ruby plunged forward and grabbed her, tightening her arm around Asmara’s neck. She coughed and spluttered, lost control, and was on her knees. The Robot’s grip was robust and crushing her windpipes. With a kick, she sent Zain crashing in the wall. He hit his head hard and collapsed, unconscious, on the floor.
Asmara hollered with rage and flung her leg which hit Ruby in the guts. She gasped, but her grip around Asmara’s neck tightened. Asmara tried to pry the metallic fingers off her throat, but it was no use. She needed to grasp hold of an object with which she could knock the paranoid machine off herself. Ruby’s back was towards the wall. Summoning up all the energy she had in her, Asmara jolted her body roughly, simultaneously digging her fingernails into Ruby’s finger. The Robot’s grip loosened for a moment. Asmara grabbed the opportunity and sent a flying kick into Ruby’s groin. The Robot gasped and let go.
Asmara fell to the floor, wheezing and retching. She got up instantly and pushed Ruby into the wall. She collided with a loud crack, possibly indicating that a fragment inside her somewhere had broken. Asmara grappled a chair and swung it with full force at Ruby’s head. Wood against metal made a banging noise, and one of Ruby’s eyes popped out at the end of spring. The Robot lost balance and fell to the floor. Asmara jumped on top and, wrestling with the metallic monster, succeeded in pulling out the batteries from behind her neck. The Robot went limp instantly. Asmara lay panting on the floor. She was drenched in sweat, and her throat was burning.
Then she remembered Zain and Mrs. Baig. The other children were thankfully taking their nap upstairs. She scrambled off the floor and ran to Zain. He was still working but had a huge red bump on the left side of his head. Asmara carried her boy in her arms and staggered to the basement door. She opened it and turned on the lights. At the bottom of the stairs lay Mrs. Baig, close to fainting. Asmara managed to cross the stairs and untie her mother-in-law. Mrs. Baig had received severe injuries all over her face, arms, back, and legs. Asmara was too weak to help her up the stairs. She dragged herself upstairs and managed to call the Ambulance and her husband before crumpling onto the sofa and losing consciousness. ……………………………………………………..
A few days later, a van from Mr. Kazi’s office took the wretched Robot away. Asmara returned to her active lifestyle again, and Yasmin was back too. Robots, they decided we’re not a good option for household work. ‘Robots need to be designed as such that they do not harbor human feelings and the hunger for power. They should not have the capacity to think or feel or any other cognitive function.’ Rauf closed his laptop after sharing his views on the company’s website.
Flashing in the air is the future of commuting called Hyperloop technology. Hyperloop has inevitably taken a transportation & technology world by storm. The reasons for the invention of this technology are to preserve the environment, save fuel & precious time of humanity which could be served at many other vital places and occasions. No other person than Elon Musk, the founder of Hyperloop technology, has gauged the significance of saving, allocating time in the right way with environment-friendly innovations.
Elaborating Mr. Musk in detail, Musk was always a person to watch. He founded many companies, named Zip 2 Corporation, PayPal, Solar City, The boring company, along with a few others. However, one can’t forget the game-changing ventures like Space X & Tesla Motors, which were the first companies of their kind.
Elon Musk Hyperloop illustration
Musk was the first person who proposed 17th-century initial idea from inventor George Medhurst to move goods through cast-iron pipes using air pressure into the vacuum and maglev powered super-fast train that would travel through a tube in August 2013. Without diving into the oceans of difficulties that Musk swim through in his life, SCIENTIA feels sheer honor to laud him for his continuous efforts and services for the world of technology to serve humanity uniquely.
The magnetic repelling forces capsule each other to levitate once it is driven forward by an electric motor. Once the capsule is levitating, traveling through a tunnel in a vacuum, it claims very less energy to sustain speeds of over 700 mph (1126 kph). However, one serious concern is the sudden stop, which can be catastrophic & would be 10 times fatal as a 70 mph (112 kph) car crash. For that, companies are experimenting on plopping the pods, which would slow them down until it reaches zero miles per hour using magnetic levitation.
Many nations across the world are busy making their grounds to race like a champion.
USA • Greater Los Angeles Area – San Francisco Area including Sacramento, Anaheim, San Diego, and Las Vegas. Chicago-Cleveland & a loop connecting Washington-New York City. St. Louis, Columbia, Kansas City. Miami–Orlando, Dallas–Laredo– Houston, Chicago–Columbus– Pittsburgh. Minimizing 2.30 hours to 30 mins from Los Angeles to Las Vegas.
UK • Edinburgh–London, Glasgow– Liverpool,
INDIA • Chennai & Bengaluru. Amaravati to Vijayawada in a 6-minute ride • Mumbai to Pune cutting down 1 hour 04 mins into 13 mins. • Mumbai-Delhi via Indore, Kota & Jaipur. • Bengaluru–Chennai, Mumbai– Chennai.
UAE • DP World to move containers from it’s Port of Jebel Ali in Dubai • Dubai – Abu Dhabi cutting 1-hour travel into 12 mins
CHINA • Hunchun in north-eastern China
POLAND • Cracow-Gdansk across Poland proposed by Hyper Poland. CANADA Trans-Pod is striving for the possibility of Hyperloop. routes from:
Few others, Helsinki and Stockholm, Sweden, Finland, Mexico, Russia Slovakia & Austin Hungry, Czech Republic, South Korea along with intercountry routes are under consideration.
Routes are unconfined to our world it is even stretched to Mars, yes Mars. Genius Musk expressed his views that Hyperloop would be useful on Mars as no tubes would be required on Mars’ atmosphere due to its density. Low-pressure tubes minimize air resistance on our planet. However, if we built on Mars, the lower air resistance would allow Hyperloop to be created with no tube, only a track.
Complete eradication of fuels makes the environment carbon-free and clean. Fuel when burn produces carbon emissions which will be zero with the use of hyperloop. According to Virgin Hyperloop company airplanes carrying passengers solely emit 859 million metric tons (946 million tons) of CO2. This could be slashed by 58 percent if every passenger flight between 500 kilometers to 1,500 kilometers (about 310 miles & 930 miles) worldwide from hyperloop. Moreover, renewable energy could be used to run the entire system which is absolutely a treat for our environment.
The future of Hyperloop is shining bright, which provides hope to humanity in many ways like saving time, valuable resources, fuel, boosting economies, which can make nations’ financial health. It will be fully operational by 2021 & will provide us the possible answer whether it has opened the gates of wonders or failed miserably. However, presently, many of its routes are under construction & the hype of hyperloop seems magical.
Jellyfish are exciting sea creatures that have mesmerized humans for years. Not just by their strikingly unique shapes but also by the vibrancy they bring to the seas and the oceans. One of their types includes the “Cosmic Jellyfish.”
This creature was recently spotted during the exploration of the Utu Seamount in the National Marine Sanctuary by the members of a US agency, NOAA. It was first identified as a Rhopalonematid trachymedusa but is also suspected to be a new species. It has various distinctive features including two rows of tentacles that face opposite directions. We have gathered some really cool pictures of the cosmic jellyfish as well as various other types of jellyfish for your eyes to feast on. Take a look below!
This creature was recently spotted during the exploration of the Utu Seamount Credit: dribbble
An artist’s interpretation of the cosmic jellyfish Credit: deviantart
It hovers in the water and changes shapes as it moves away Credit: noaa
During the expedition, the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) took snapshots of beautiful Seaworld creatures that are rarely observed. One of those was the dazzling cosmic jellyfish. In a video released by the team, it can be seen hovering in the water and changing shapes as it moves away. It moves quickly in and out of the frame like an exotic being.
Here are some more mesmerizing jellyfish photographs!
A lion’s mane jellyfish that lightens up the dark ocean Credit: Mother Nature Network
A colorful sea creature
R: A lion’s mane jellyfish consuming a moon jellyfish
NASA is hosting the biggest global hackathon of the year, NASA Space App Challenge 2019. In which NASA opens its portal for everyone to generate solutions for the problems related to Space and Earth. NASA is allowing an opportunity to everyone from scientists, coders, designers, technologists, storytellers developers from all age groups as well.
All you have to do is to use NASA’s original and authentic information and confer a solution through an app that should help us more in the exploration of space. It also provides people to start their career in a new direction under the field of their interest.
This event is a challenge to the expert and the citizen scientist to come up with innovative solutions of some real problems by utilizing our data.” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA’s associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
“Through Space Apps, anyone can pursue an area that fires their curiosity and passion and contribute to NASA’s future missions and the world’s engagement with space.”
Every year NASA host this hackathon in almost 75 countries, more than 200 events happen, thousands of people participate in it, and these aggregates are increasing every year. In 2019, there are more than 250 locations!
The local event is also going to be held in Pakistan this year from 18th-20th Oct. The event will be hosted by a private science and educational organization named RaheQamar. It will start on the evening of 18th October with the Bootcamp and will continue till the evening of 20th Oct.
There are limited seats for the participants, so earlier enlisting will be considered as a priority.
The recently published book, “Athena’s Choice” is a Sci-Fi novel with a gripping plot that peeks into the future and predicts the role of AI in human lives. It was first released in 2018 and has since received a flow of positive remarks and reviews on websites like Goodreads and Amazon. The main genres of the book include Artificial intelligence, crime/ mystery, and bioterrorism.
The story told in the year 2099, where we are introduced to Athena Vosh, a girl living in the US and a world dominated by womankind. Men have become extinct due to a virus that caused the Y-Fever. Initially, the virus was used in battles against armies, but affected the whole male population of the world, leaving behind the vulnerable and more sensitive of the women. The women of the world are divided into two parties; one who supports that men should be brought back, and the other, who believe that the world could not be a better place without the vices and treachery of the other gender. The later, therefore, strongly oppose the Project Lazarus, which aims to save the male species of human beings.
The plot twists when the Lazarus Genome has been stolen and Athena Vosh is contacted by Public Safety Headquarters to assist officer Valerie Bell in the mysterious case of the Lazarus Genome. Together, they work as a team to interview several scientists including, the influential Grace Antares. The suspense increases as they get closer to unraveling the mystery of the Genome, coupled with Athena’s confusing dreams.
The book has been written in a smooth and catchy style, not letting the reader’s attention waver. Snippets of informative passages about the technology and news of the era have beautifully fitted between the chapters. These provide an insight into the world in which Athena lives.
The topic was challenging and attempted well. Although there are a few ambiguities left in the reader’s mind after reading the novel, for example, how can food be printed, as described by the author? The technology seemed too far-fetched to me at times e.g., how her Home unit prints Athena’s clothes. Life and its extravagances seem very unrealistic throughout the book, and how can a student like Athena, who lives with her friend, afford this kind of lifestyle?
I observed the message behind the story that the author tried to convey; that both genders are equally necessary for the lifecycle and the normal functioning of society. Feminism is not healthy at all, and both men and women should accept each other’s faults to embrace equality and understanding. A world without men is not the solution to vices like rape and harassment.
Also, stress has been laid upon handling biological samples like genomes with the utmost care. It has shown how, in the future, computers will be able to serve humanity in everyday tasks and chores.
Athena’s choice has won the 2019 National Indie Excellence Award for Visionary fiction, the 2019 Maxy Award for Science fiction and has been nominated as a finalist for the 2019 NIEA for science fiction.
About the Author
Boostrom with Athena’s choice
Adam Boostrom is a former national merit scholar, valedictorian, championship wrestler, and Kiwanis award recipient.