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Dr. Michael Gale, Jr. on coronavirus vaccine development (Video)

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Scientia Pakistan Magazine interviewed Dr. Michael Gale, Jr., Ph.D. Director of the Centre for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease (C.I.I.I.D.), in the U.S. The C.I.I.I.D. is a research center for immune responses, and viruses and infectious diseases, including coronaviruses. In this interview, Dr. Micheal discussed how the pandemic has catalyzed the development of novel coronavirus vaccines across the biotech industry, both by pharmaceutical companies and research organizations.

Watch the video to know more about development in Coronavirus vaccine development.

Also read: https://scientiamag.org/a-conversation-with-dr-michael-gale-jr-on-coronavirus-vaccine-development/

Jaguars found to be at risk due to Chinese investment in South America

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According to a study done recently, the illegal jaguar trade is on an ever-increasing rise and the main reason seems to be Chinese investment in the Central and Southern parts of America. Jaguars are already on the verge of extinction because of threats like deforestation, habitat loss, and farmers shooting them by labeling them as a threat to their cattle. As if these weren’t enough, illegal trade has left only a population of 173000 of these wild cats.

Jaguars have been killed for the past years mainly to smuggle their teeth, skins, and skulls to China. A staggering 800 jaguars suffered this disgusting fate, and it is not known how many shipments may have gone unreported. Conservationists have noticed that the trade has increased steeply only in recent years, and they conclude that new Chinese immigrants, rather than the old settled communities, have a hand in this.

Before 2010, it was tigers which had a central commercial place. There are proper farms and breeding grounds for tigers in China since they are considered an extremely valuable animal. Their bones are used to make wine, carcasses used for medicinal ointments and skin for furniture, clothing and accessorizing commodities. The possessor of such items flaunted his wealth and position in society. Hunting wild tigers is thought to be more of an extravagance because of its rareness and taboo.

According to the new study, Jaguar teeth are the most priceless parts going to China. They are not exactly a substitute for tigers, but valuable all the less. Since much attention has not been paid to this crime of illegal wildlife product shipment, it is difficult to conclude an exact figure for the crime. Researchers and conservationists are also confused about the fate of these smuggled animal products once they reach China since insight into economic data and consumer records is still under observation.

Chinese investment in Latin America is predicted to grow, so now is high time to raise voices against it. Fighting corruption and reducing the demand for jaguar products by awareness is crucial. Lessons should be learned from the tiger decline. “What difference is it filling one more container with bones?” Vincent Njiman, the co-author of the paper, says.

Also Read: Better water management can greatly help in our battle against Climate Change

Rare Strawberry moon brightened the sky with a penumbral lunar eclipse Friday night

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The full moon of June, which is the last full moon of spring or the first of summer, is traditionally called the Strawberry Moon. The full moon of 5th June 2020 brought with a penumbral eclipse, which occurs when the moon crosses through the faint outer edge of Earth’s shadow, called the penumbra, making part of the moon appear slightly darker than usual. Unlike a full lunar or solar eclipse, the visual effect of a penumbral eclipse is usually so minimal that it is hard to observe even with a telescope.

Get a tour of some fascinating photographs of this Strawberry moon captured around the globe.

Strawberry moon
The full moon captured by using multiple exposures.
Credit: Raden Rauf AM
Strawberry moon
People watch the “Strawberry Moon” rise over the ocean on Narrawallee Beach on the South Coast of New South Wales on June 6, 2020. (David Gray/AFP)

In Pakistan, astronomers from various astronomers societies and local sky-gazers also captured this full moon accompanied by a penumbral lunar eclipse. Here are some photographs captured at Rawalpindi, Pakistan at 8:52 pm local time.

Strawberry moon
Full moon rise, 
Ghizer valley Gilgit Baltistan.
Credit: Karim Shah Nizari
Credit: wildlife PNA
The Strawberry Full Moon was taken at Rawalpindi, Pakistan at 8:52 pm local time.
Credit: PNA_Wildlife
Strawberry moon
Credit: PNA_Wildlife
Credit: PNA_Wildlife
Credit: PNA_Wildlife

Also Visit: March’s Super moon dazzles in the sky

Historic moments for SpaceX through the lens of Camera

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For the first time in history, NASA astronauts have launched from American soil in a commercially built and operated American crew spacecraft on its way to the International Space Station. The SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley lifted off at 3:22 p.m. EDT Saturday on the company’s Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The spacecraft successfully docked with ISS last night and made history.

Below are some exciting moments captured through the lens of camera before the launch to the successful docking.

The static fire of Falcon 9 Before Launch– targeted on Wednesday, May 27 at 4:33 p.m. EDT for Crew Dragon’s launch to the ISS with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley on board!

CREDIT: SpaceX
CREDIT: SpaceX
Credit: SpaceX
Credit: SpaceX
Credit: SpaceX
Credit: SpaceX

SpaceX and NASA completed a full rehearsal of launch day activities with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley ahead of Crew Demo-2!

Credit: SpaceX
Credit: NASA
Credit: SpaceX
Credit: NASA
NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley before Crew Dragon flight!
NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley before Crew Dragon flight!

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company’s Crew Dragon spacecraft is launched from Launch Complex 39A on NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard, Saturday, May 30, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Demo-2 mission is the first launch with astronauts of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program.

Moment of historic launch. CREDIT: NASA/Bill Ingalls
Moment of historic launch. CREDIT: NASA/Bill Ingalls

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company’s Crew Dragon spacecraft is seen in this false-color infrared exposure as it is launched on NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard, Saturday, May 30, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

CREDIT: NASA/Bill Ingalls
CREDIT: NASA/Bill Ingalls

SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule approaches the International Space Station ahead of docking Sunday.

CREDIT: NASA TELEVISION
CREDIT: NASA TELEVISION

Crew Dragon spacecraft docked with the International Space Station, just minutes before the station crossed into Earth’s shadow, on May 31, 2020.

CREDIT: NASA TELEVISION
CREDIT: NASA TELEVISION

Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, far right, joining the crew at the International Space Station, after the SpaceX Dragon capsule docked with the station on Sunday.Credit.

CREDIT: NASA

Credit: NASA
Credit: NASA

Also, Read: NASA’s Space App COVID-19 challenge

A Student’s life in Wuhan under lockdown

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Amid Coronavirus crisis when everyone advises making this quarantine a quality time with your family, but not everyone is blessed to have such moments with their loved ones. One such example is Pakistani students who have been stuck in China and other European countries for months, their courage and patience for bearing such a crisis must be appreciated. Below is an exciting conversation with Ayesha khan, which not only shows how the international students managed crises without families but also tells how they spent their days staying positive.
Ayesha Khan is a student at Wuhan University pursuing her M.S in economics. Currently, she is in Wuhan along with other Pakistani students, where after many months of severe lockdown, life is getting back to normal.

A Pakistani student in Wuhan during lockdown
Ayesha, a Pakistani student in Wuhan during lockdown

Faryal: It’s been months now that Pakistani students have been stranded in China when the lockdown was imposed in Wuhan. How did Students manage the crisis and survived in such a strict quarantine? 

Ayesha: The word quarantine was entirely unfamiliar to me when we were locked in our dormitories. At first, we thought that it would be no more than a week, but later on, we came to know more about the epidemic many students were panic and their families were worried about their safety. To stay under one roof for more than two months without seeing the sky was very disturbing. Then students started playing, cooking together, and do some indoor fun activities, but somewhere inside, everyone was afraid of being affected.

It was the time when everyone was mentally disturbed so many were gone through anxiety and depression and other psychological issues even many students were afraid to express their normal fever or headache for not being panic to others. But we were told to take strict health precautions like wear masks, use disinfectants in our rooms and wash hands with sanitizer frequently and immediately after coming in contact with anything out of our dorms, and drink more water and inform the hostel management about daily body temperature.

I  have some friends, so many other students who were already graduated but still stuck here even their visas were expired flights canceled. Universities didn’t allow anyone to go out form hostels.so many people had many issues that were delayed because of lockdown .hence still the lockdown is not wholly lifted for international students. They can just get out to play daily for two hours but even cannot go out from the university campus. It is strict, but it is safe.

Faryal: How much life changed in Wuhan after lockdown has been lifted? Do you feel like a new life or a new beginning?

Ayesha: Officially lockdown is lifted on 8th April 2020, but not entirely, and international students are still not allowed to go out from the campus. People with written permission and health code can go out for their duties and even only they can take public transport and enter any public place that has health cards. Now the Chinese Government has also started this health code service for foreigners. I already get my health code, but many students still didn’t get health code, so overall, we don’t have any experience now of the outer life in Wuhan.

Faryal: How did the Chinese government help you and what assistance did the Pakistani Embassy provide during a lockdown?

Ayesha: During the lockdown, our university and Chinese government support us in a very positive and helping way by providing necessities Such as vegetable fruit, oil, rice, and sanitizer. Anything halal like chicken and meat, there was a delivery service to the room of every student, which was a great relief to stay safe in quarantine in our hostels. Meanwhile, the Pakistani embassy gave us a helping hand and transferred 3500 RMB to each student account who was stuck here in Wuhan. Some focal persons were sent from the Pakistan embassy to Wuhan to meet with   Almost every university student group and listen and try to solve their problem and assured all students to assist whenever they need. Besides, the embassy also provided 750 RMB to each student as a package for Ramadan.

Faryal: What do you advise to other overseas Pakistani, how to manage the Crisis during Quarantine?

Ayesha: This crisis is not the same in all countries; the situation is worst in other countries as compared to Pakistan, so don’t be panic. It is an art to live a balanced life and consumption of goods in low resources, which will enhance more creativity, productivity, and polish the will power of individuals. For example, on regular days if we eat food from a restaurant which costs pretty high but if we make the same food at home, it will cost much lower and also can learn the art of healthy cooking. So stay positive and have proper rest at home; spend some precious time with the family together with its an opportunity to know each other intimately.

Faryal: What would you like to suggest /advise to your countrymen who are still facing Lockdown in Pakistan? How can they manage the stress of complete isolation and work-at-home peacefully?

Ayesha: I would like to suggest, take good care of your health and follow precautions and the instructions of WHO and local governments which can help them stay safe. They should wear masks, avoid social gatherings, keep social distances, and wash hands frequently, don’t go outside if not necessary. Pakistan has an entirely dependent family system like an extended nuclear system, that can result in a disaster. You can spend your time with your family members, watch good movies, do some indoor fun activities like cooking, reading books preparing kids lessons in a fun way to teach them at home. It’s a break from a busy, stressed life enjoy it calmly. 

Faryal: What are the greatest challenges you are facing now in Wuhan especially for education?

Ayesha: Now the situation is better in Wuhan, but there are restrictions on people’s movements yet, and there are no such problems related to education, they are delivering online lectures and providing everything to students online. Yes, those students who have to complete their research work in labs as a requirement for their graduation till June, are facing research issue, they need to do experiments in labs with all equipment for they can be able to write their thesis. The government gives some relaxation to them sometime later.

Faryal: How did Students among help each other to cope up with the crisis during quarantine?

Ayesha: Here in Wuhan, we students are here as a family; they shared good bonding during the lockdown. They all are away from our homes and experiencing the same situation so they can help each other in studies, especially related majors. Moreover, they can share good ideas for social well-being. Positive counseling is a better way to cope with all kinds of stress and panic situations.

Also, Read: COVID-19 makes the benefits of telework obvious~ Issam Ahmad

NASA SPACE APPS COVID-19 CHALLENGE

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NASA is hosting a special edition NASA APPS COVID-19 CHALLENGE on May 30-31, 2020. This special Space-Apps edition is being organized in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES).

NASA SPACE-APP CHALLENGE
NASA SPACE-APP CHALLENGE

All coders, entrepreneurs, scientists, designers, storytellers, makers, builders, artists, and technologists are invited to participate in this virtual hackathon.

The participants can join from all over the world and during the 48 hours, they will get the opportunity to bring innovative, creative ideas to tackle the issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic by using Earth observation data. 

The need of SpaceApps Challenge COVID-19

NASA and its partner space agencies enable its participants to provide a helping hand in this global crisis. At the beginning of the global outbreak, NASA, ESA, JAXA, CSA, and CNES Earth scientists have been investigating ways to utilize Earth observation information to better explain the interplay of the Earth system from worldwide to national. The hackathon will investigate the human and economic reaction to the virus.

Categories of Challenges

There are a number of categories of challenges in which participants can work to find solutions. These Challenges vary from the analysis of the coronavirus that triggers COVID-19, its transmission, the effect of the disease on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and many more. These challenges can be viewed here: https://covid19.spaceappschallenge.org/challenges/covid-challenges

Registration:

In Pakistan, RaheQamar Pvt. Ltd. is the official organizer of this virtual hackathon. It is being organized in Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, and Islamabad virtually. Participants can register their teams or even as individuals to work on different challenges. To register for this virtual hackathon, Register here: https://covid19.spaceappschallenge.org/

Also, Read: NASA SpaceApp challenge Pakistan 2019, a successful story

About Author: Zuneira Ibrahim. Zuneira is a student of Space Science at ISST, University of Karachi. She has a keen interest in the latest technological developments in Space science & tech. She is the Content Researcher at RaheQamar Pvt. Ltd.)

OPINIONS: Coronavirus, the currents catastrophe of our lives

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It has been about three months since everything shut down and activities halted due to this lamentable Coronavirus pandemic. It started in Wuhan, China, and spread across the world like wildfire. With the number of cases shooting across the globe, whole countries had to close their markets, institutes, and public places to ensure social distancing. Quarantined for an indefinite period, the public feels trapped and stressed out. Who knew we would be challenged by Nature with such a nerve-wracking situation? People all around me are affected irrespective of their occupation and location. To dig up some pent-up feelings, Scientia Pakistan carried out a survey as to how exactly people feel about this situation and what they are doing during this trying time.

Arij Najeeb is a student of MS Biochemistry at Michigan State University. She lives in Westland, Michigan. She could not attend college due to severe lockdown restrictions, but online classes are an excellent alternative, thanks to technology. In her area, all shopping malls, gyms are closed, and all outdoor activities she did before this pandemic are affected. Arij said that even inviting friends to my place feels scary. Despite being alone, I observed that people have become more empathetic, revealing a bright side of humanity and all the things humans took for granted before.

But the pandemic affected negatively more than its positive impacts as people cannot go anywhere without the risk of getting sick and the fear of going out and interacting with others that put a heavy toll on their mental health. We, humans, are uncertain and afraid of what the future holds and when will the pandemic ends. A large number of people have lost their jobs, all plans canceled, so yeah, it’s depressing, but we should remain optimistic that’s the only way to prevail our sanity.”

Arij spent most of her time under quarantine studying, cook, cycling, playing board games, etc. She is unsure about when the lockdown will end. The damage that has occurred will not go back to normal anytime soon, it can take a couple of months to get back to routine lives.”

 Arij believes that developing an affective coronavirus vaccine is not an easy task, and scientists and researchers are working hard; hopefully, they will come up with something to eradicate this virus. The US Govt government is helpful in this situation and providing the best at our places. People here are patient and waiting for things to get back to the way they were.

Shahzadi Kausar is a housewife from Islamabad. Since most of her time spent on house chores, her routine affected severely after lockdown because her husband and kids are at home. Her other activities, like going on walks and shopping excursions, are ceased. She now spends more time cooking, spending more time with her family, and tries to keep herself busy with prayers and religious activities. “The positive outcome of this pandemic, she thinks, is that people have started appreciating smaller things in life, the value and importance of family gatherings and events, etc., which were previously thought of as a burden. People have also begun to concentrate on their flaws and seeking forgiveness from Allah. The negative impact is, of course, that everything is closed, including markets, parks, recreational places, important offices, etc. The functions like weddings have postponed or limited to small gatherings that seem a good impact of the pandemic. Mentally, the Coronavirus has spread fear and depression among the masses.”

Her new pastimes include regular Quran recitation, prayers, and following sunnah. And because of the lockdown, she is free to catch up on her long-delayed sewing projects! She hopes that everything is normal before Ramazan. “I don’t know much about what work is actually and sincerely being done, but I bet it’s a lot less compared to the fuss and hype created on media.” Yes, I realize that the government is trying its best, and things are still available in grocery stores, but people here are not cooperative to the government in following strict social distancing and other precautionary measures.

 Obaidullah Abid is an Olevel student from Lahore.  They now have online classes during regular school timings.

Abid says, “Life has changed now as we can’t meet friends and relatives because of the fear of getting infected. Plus I can’t also play outdoor sports, that I miss the most! The atmosphere is cleaner, there is less pollution, and the ozone layer is also recovering. A negative effect is that supplies are running out as people are freaking out and buying extra stuff to stock up in their houses and not caring bout others, especially the poor and needy.

Since people have more time to spend with their families, I think that’s good for improving their mental health, Abid added.

 He plays board games, PS4, indoor sports like table tennis with his brother. And most importantly, he has started praying five times regularly during Ramzan.” I think a few months, around four to seven, will see the normalization in our old routines. But our government is not efficient as even after the lockdown, people are taking social distancing seriously.

 Amna Usman Kazi is a Doctor based in Lahore and teaches at medical college. Since the students have gone home, teaching has been limited to online lectures only. Corona has completely disturbed her routine Life. On the positive side, she spends more time with her family. The surroundings are pure and clean due to fewer humans roaming around destroying Nature. The most negative impact of Coronavirus is the irreparable loss of lives. The fear of Corona and the depression of Quarantine has a significant psychological effect on our society. People are frustrated, short-tempered, and melancholic. She uses her extra time for family bonding, homeschooling her kids, online lectures, baking, cooking, and reading.“She believes that With complete lockdown, we can get hold of the situation in 4 to 6 weeks; until then, we have to strictly follow the social distancing. 

Yes, the scientists and researchers are doing their best, the problem is that the virus mutates every now and then, but let’s pray we can overcome that too.

Shema Arsalan practices Medicine and lives in Gujrat.” I encounter many patients that are in danger due to lack of facilities.”

The Corona pandemic has forced Shema to compromise with family time. A positive effect is that accidents, street crimes, and pollution have all been reduced. The negative impact is the inculcation of fear, which will take much time to go away. Trauma and anxiety negatively affect mental health.  During the lockdown, she keeps herself busy with her work and domestic chores. She thinks it will take about 1 to 2 years for things to return to normal. Yes, the scientific research community is working hard to develop a vaccine for the virus. 

Amber Khalid is a housewife and mother. She lives in Washington, US. “My work and daily chores have increased twice, or I should say thrice since my kids and husband are home 24/7. I have to make more food, do more cleaning and laundry, keep up with my kids’ study schedules and put in more effort to discipline them. The list goes on! “

 A positive impact on her daily routine is that she doesn’t have to drive the kids to and from school anymore. Since their extracurricular activities are no more, they have learned to get along with each other and play together. “We spend more time together as a family and do activities together as well. On another note, we also have time to ponder our flaws and shortcomings and think about how we can be a better version of ourselves once this pandemic is over. Now I use these 24 hours more efficiently to do more stuff than before. I am thankful to Allah, peoples’ priorities have been changed, their focus has been shifted to what is more important and necessary. I observed that we wasted time on things that are not of importance. The real thing is our relationship with family and friends, with God, and we should give them attention and time to attain peace.

Khadija has done her M Phil in Psychology from NIP, Quaid-e-Azam University. Being a housewife and mother living in Islamabad, she observed so many changes in the personal life and the lives of her people. Anxiety after hearing the news and concern for her family’s safety is the most substantial effect. Going out is totally banned, and even playing and strolling on the lawn is limited. Entertaining a toddler with a never-ending reserve of energy is her primary job during this lockdown. Apart from physical safety, like washing hands and sanitizing the house, keeping everyone mentally healthy is a big challenge. Explaining to kids why they can’t go out, even to school, is no easy task. The biggest challenge for her is keeping her family physically, emotionally, and mentally healthy. Entertaining her daughter, who is too young to understand what’s going on, is quite a challenge. Not being able to go outside, to play, to shop, to eat, and meet people is taking an emotional toll on everyone.” Being a psychologist, I am trying to keep the environment in my home healthy and productive. News and television are limited and discussed to relieve anxiety, thus providing emotional catharsis and support for each other. I try to develop activities that will keep family members and children busy like arts and crafts, writing, cooking, board games, etc. It’s essential that along with our physical safety, we look after our mental well-being as well.” 

“One positive aspect of the whole situation is that we’re getting a chance to restart. Everyone is at home and has time to think about their lives and what they were doing. Priorities are being reset, and goals redefined. We’re learning what really matters.” The negative aspect is the lack of socialization and limited physical touch. “I have to think twice before I hug or kiss my daughter because I don’t want to harm her.”

She’s sure the scientific community is doing its best to find a solution, and most governments are showing full support.

 Noor Zaidi lives in Islamabad. She is a school teacher and owns an online bakery business by the name of ‘Oh Fudge.‘ (To know more, see https://cheflingtales.com/dine/islamabad/oh-fudge-an-inspiring-tale-for-would-be-home-bakers)

Corona, having resulted in countrywide closure of schools, and we are teaching from home now.” While we are being paid, I’m not sure what the situation is for the smaller and less established schools across the city.” Where baking is concerned, her orders have also taken a hit. People want to order but aren’t because of the current circumstances. Basically, not being able to go outside or to the market to window shop or hang out with friends can be very frustrating. One way it’s had a positive impact is that the environment has started to recover somewhat worldwide. Satellite images show decreased pollution in many countries across the globe. One negative effect would be that the earnings of daily wagers or let’s say, someone running a school canteen, have taken a massive hit. In Pakistan, we already have plenty of people under the poverty line. She thinks the impact on mental health is mixed.” It’s definitely given us time with our families and our thoughts, but I believe there is also a negative aspect. Fear of the unknown future. Not being able to plan things.”

 During the lockdown, she eats, watches movies/dramas, tries to get some little housework in, sits in the garden, walks, and bakes.

Dr. Muahammad Mazhar Iqbal is a Professor of Economics at Cust University and residing in Islamabad. His university is closed for the past month. Office timings are no more observed, but online classes are going on as well as meetings per schedule. There is a specific restriction on social activities. There are no prayers in the mosque, no morning walks and regular trips to the bazaar, and no meet up with friends and relatives.

“Everyone, especially teachers like me, can spend more time with family members and concentrate on research and pending work due to relaxation from regular classes. Also, I think that the link between the rich and deprived of society is strengthened.

He feels lonely and distressed, being away from university and colleagues. Coronavirus has affected mental health, both negatively and positively. Contrary because of the continuous news of increasing deaths due to Corona. It creates panic a state of fear is taking over. Positive because the idea of the Sovereignty and Oneness of Allah is strengthened. During the lockdown, he helps around in house chores and devotes more time to spiritually uplifting activities like attending spiritual talks online.

Muhammad Usman Aslam is an MS Student, studying in Fulda, Germany. He came to visit Pakistan during his semester break last March. Due to the unfortunate circumstances, he had to return on an emergency basis and cut his trip short via a specially arranged flight. He is a student of the Masters’s program studying abroad. 

Due to Corona the exams have postponed, and all the activities in the university suspended. The new semester is getting delayed. It has dramatically affected all his planned activities and tasks. Above all, it ruined his travel plans, and he ended up returning backway earlier than scheduled through some evacuation plan.

The positive impact is that due to lockdown, everyone is staying at a social distance, but perhaps it gave a chance to spend time with your family and interact far better as everyone is working from home. Parents have a lot of time for their children now to guide them and learn their routines. Contrary, as all industries are closed, and there is no much traffic ground and air, both so the pollution levels are decreasing significantly.

As no activity is going on, it’s becoming much more difficult for the conventional workers to earn for themselves; hence, they are forced to live hand to mouth due to this epidemic, especially the labor class.

The fear spread by this Corona has affected nearly everyone. They are becoming much more tensed as they cannot go outside and are forced to stay at home, yet they still fear they can be exposed to it. Their extra cautious attitude is making them more frustrated as they cannot be sure that they have done all the care.

Usman mostly stays at home except for groceries and other work of extreme importance. He is utilizing this time to learn more and more technologies and courses, which can be very helpful throughout his career as most of them are available without any charge.

“As it is an epidemic so I guess it will take some time and combine efforts from all around. The sooner we act together, the early we get over it.”

Yes, they are working very hard in close collaboration to overcome and find a cure. Already some tests have been carried out to evaluate the results to rule out this epidemic.

The US government is trying its best to fight against this epidemic by utilizing all available resources. 

CONCLUSION  

Even if not physically affected by the Coronavirus, people are slowly losing patience and sanity due to the lockdown. Many sit depressed and confused about theIR future, while others turn to some sort of activity to keep them occupied. The halt on social activities and routine does seem like a much-needed vacation at times, but it equally can be nerve-wracking.

Also, Read: How to protect elderly from COVID-19

Pakistan’s first private company in space

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The Rocket & Satellite Company Limited has been registered in the past week as Pakistan’s first private space company by SECP (The Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan).

This Karachi based space organization is interested in offering a low-cost solution in three main areas of any space mission: 

  1. Space launch system
  2. Satellite manufacturing
  3. Ground segment as a service 

Furthermore, the Rocket & Satellite Company also planning to give solutions for the major cause of destruction in the region above the Earth’s lower orbit of outer space which is also called the debris areas so that the life of satellite will be increased and the risk of collision between newly launched satellites and the remnants will also reduce. They are highly concerned about this mission and their major goal is to achieve these all these tasks at a low cost so that a huge amount of money will be saved for other space missions.

This Rocket & Satellite Company also presented the idea that they will try to get some more advancement by the combined efforts of space technologies and Artificial Intelligence.

The Rocket & Satellite Company Limited has been registered in the past week as Pakistan’s first private space company by SECP
The Rocket & Satellite Company Limited has been registered in the past week as Pakistan’s first private space company by SECP

New Opportunities for jobs in space science

This will not only beneficial for Pakistan’s Space Science field but it also provides several jobs for space technologists, engineers, and coders.

It will also play a huge role for the students having an interest in the area of space science. Surely, it will promote more scientific knowledge and advancement of technology among our young generation that will eventually play an important role for the future of Pakistan.

Role of students in Space Science

This space company can be beneficial for the students of space sciences and other fields too. Since Pakistan is currently not working on any space mission, it is difficult for students to pursue their career in this field. In Pakistan, there are many universities offering the bachelors to PhD degrees in this regards but due to the lack of job opportunities, students are not admiring their education. From professionals to amateurs, there are a lot of varieties of students in Pakistan, their hardworking and enthusiasm can make a lot more progress in the field of space science.

History of Space Agencies

In 1969, the United States succeeded in landing humans on the moon, our closest neighbor in space and safely transporting them back to Earth. The United States was the most technologically advanced country on Earth. What was the position of India and Pakistan at that time? The two countries had already fought two battles and were about to rush into another one in 1971. While the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was established in 1969, the same year when humans set foot on the moon, Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) was established in 1961 eight years before its Indian.

In mid-September 1961, Dr. Abdus Salam and Dr. Tariq Mustafa held a meeting with NASA officials in Washington. On the occasion, NASA offered help to Pakistan in the development and launching of rockets to map the atmosphere above the Indian Ocean, on the condition that any data obtained from the research on the upper atmosphere will be shared with NASA.

Pakistan quickly caught the offer and started working on the project. On 7 June 1962, Pakistan launched an unmanned rocket, “Rehbar-I” from Sonmiani, with support from NASA. Dr. Tariq Mustafa led the team working on this project. With this operation, Pakistan became the third country in Asia, first in South Asia, and only the 10th country in the world to have conducted such a launch.

India built its first satellite Aryabhata, and launched it in 1975. Pakistan built its first satellite Badr-I and launched it in 1990 but now India is independently developing satellites, launching them on its own, and is the first nation to put its orbiter in Mars’s orbit in the first attempt. Meanwhile, Pakistan is still limited to Geographical Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and communication satellites.

Pakistan’s History with the Space Missions

Rehbar-I

Rehbar is an Urdu Language word that literary means “One who leads the way”. Rehbar was a series of sounding rocket launches into the upper atmosphere and the edge of space. Rehbar-I was the first rocket launched by Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), on 7 June 1962. Rehbar-I was a two-staged solid-fuel rocket.

Various sounding rocket models were launched by Pakistan approximately 200 times between 1962 and 1972. Twenty-four of those flights were in the Rehbar series. The Rehbar series of flights utilized no less than three and possibly four different sounding rockets. The rockets used were Centaure, Judy-Dart, Nike-Cajun, and according to one source Nike-Apache. Other sounding rockets used by Pakistan were Dragon 2B, Petrel, and Skua. The Rehbar Sounding Rockets are no longer in services of SUPARCO. 

The Rehbar rocket series was an experimental rocket program which later played an important role in Pakistan’s development of a missile program. Throughout the 1960s till the early 1970s, the SUPARCO launched more than 200 rockets using the different payloads of an experimental satellite. With the launching of Rehbar-1, Pakistan became the third country in Asia, the first country in South Asia, and the tenth in the world to launch a vessel into outer space. It was followed by the successful launch of the Rehbar-II in 1962. The last launch of the Rehbar Rocket Program took place on 8 April 1972.

Also Read: Space Missions; Insights from the past

Dr. Shagufta on how nutrition can help to combat Coronavirus

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Dr. Shagufta Feroz graduated in 1984 and kick-started her career later in 1988 as a private medical practitioner. She was inclined towards healing with nature from a very young age, and therefore, she specialized in Family Medicine, Holistic Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Integrative Medicines. She is the founder of the Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and author of “Living as Nature Intended.”

After 15 years of clinical practice, Feroze recognized the role of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and reversal of diseases. That realization forced her to switch from drug-dependent medical practice to drugless integrative medicine. Now, for the past 16 years, she is managing a variety of patients through Synchronised Lifestyle Modification (SLP). She uses her knowledge to convert table foods into a remedy by applying her 8-Rules of correct eating.

After 15 years of clinical practice, Feroze recognized the role of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and reversal of diseases. That realization forced her to switch from drug-dependent medical practice to drugless integrative medicine. Now, for the past 16 years, she is managing a variety of patients through Synchronised Lifestyle Modification (SLP). She uses her knowledge to convert table foods into a remedy by applying her 8-Rules of correct eating.

She is a regular speaker at various academic institutes, health forums, doctors forums, and training institutes. In 2015 she spoke at TEDx Lahore on the importance of a healthy lifestyle for the young. She utilizes the power of print, digital, and social media to spread awareness for healthy eating. She has also appeared in over 100 TV health shows.

Team Scientia Pakistan caught Dr. Feroze and interviewed her for its special edition, “Being a professional in the pandemic.” Below is her conversation with Aniqa Mazhar on how a healthy diet and nutrition can help control COVID-19.

Dr. Shagufta is the founder of the Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and author of "Living as Nature Intended."
Dr. Shagufta is the founder of the Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and author of “Living as Nature Intended.”

Aniqa: Can Covid-19 spread from food? If so, which foods should be avoided during the virus outbreak and which should be specially taken? Are dietary supplements of any use against the virus?

Dr. Feroz: It is not proven that Covid-19 can directly spread from the food until and unless the food is being used or is being transported or carried by someone who is Covid-19 positive. Still, all those foods, which are processed foods or food with naked calories, can suppress immunity and make a person more prone to Covid-19.

Dietary supplements are not very effective, but yes, Vitamin C is good, and the best supplement is that one gets Vitamin C from fruit.

Aniqa: Having a proper balanced diet can substantially help a person from not contracting the virus. To what extent is this true?

Dr. Feroz: I never use the word ‘balanced diet.’ It is actually how the person is taking the food. So I talk about ‘correct eating,’ ‘dietary discipline’ etc. If your food is not balanced but is taken correctly, it helps and supports immunity. So, indirectly, a person becomes secure against viruses, and there is less risk of contracting Covid-19.

Aniqa: It is the month of fasting, and people prefer cold beverages in Suhoor and Iftar. Does it increase the risk of getting infected? Or does fasting help us against Coronavirus as it does against certain other diseases?

 

Dr. Feroz: I strictly inhibit the use of these cold beverages. By taking these cold drinks, you drop your core temperature, which is crucial regarding the maintenance of immunity. There is a research done by Leeds University which says that if the internal body temperature drops from 37 to 33 degrees centigrade, there are strong chances of growth of various viruses. So it is not specifically against Coronavirus but against viruses generally. 

I don’t think that fasting will help get rid of Coronavirus or it will have a protective role. Coronavirus, I have seen, affects those who are already carrying comorbidities or who carry poor immunities. So, a weak person cannot fast, and if a vulnerable person is fasting, he or she might get more risk towards Covid-19.

Aniqa: What do you suggest for the diet of the people who have contracted Coronavirus and are undergoing symptoms?

Dr. Feroz: I suggest them to take yakhni (broth or stock) and warm drinks like black tea with some sugar and lemon, green tea or warm water, soups, half-boiled desi (organic) eggs, or toast with shorba (soupy) type of salan (curry). 

Aniqa: Most restaurants and food suppliers have taken strict measurements regarding hygiene and social distancing and reopened. Is it safe to order from them?

Dr. Feroz: Regarding restaurants and food supplies, I can’t comment because there are so many factors involved while we put an order for home delivery of food. So, I don’t think that it should be so frequently practiced.

Aniqa: What has increased more during lockdown, malnutrition, or obesity?

Dr. Feroz: Lockdown has had people develop the tendency of putting on weight because they are under stress, and there is no discipline. They are sedentary; there is less physical activity, so they are adding weight.

In 2015, she spoke at TEDx Lahore on the importance of a healthy lifestyle for the young.
In 2015, she spoke at TEDx Lahore on the importance of a healthy lifestyle for the young.

Aniqa: Have you had more or fewer patients since the pandemic? What are some of the most common queries?

Dr. Feroz: My specialty is integrative medicine and lifestyle medicine, and food is one of the components, so I am dealing with already complex or complicated or terminal patients. But definitely, I do get patients who want me to tell them about preventive or immune-enhancing foods. Their queries are about the foods that should be taken to enhance our immunity.

Aniqa: Regarding public nutrition during the lockdown, which country is managing the best, and how?

Dr. Feroz: I believe China is managing the best preventive measures because they follow the basic principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). I have done a small diploma in this branch of science also and its approach is entirely different. They work on the correction of basic chemistry, core temperature and immunity enhancement. 

 So, the Chinese have the best knowledge. None of the other countries even have a sense of describing the right food to the patient or coronavirus prevention.

Aniqa: What effects have the pandemic put on the food industry and agriculture globally?

Dr. Feroz: I believe that the pandemic has some positive effect on the food industry in terms of better control of these junk foods and people are now forced to take home-cooked meals. So there is less consumption of food from outside. Regarding agriculture globally, I’m not very sure, but I think definitely, because of other restrictions, agriculture would have been affected.

Aniqa: Do you think that the awareness and prevention campaigns on media against Covid-19 are highlighting the importance of nutrition?

Dr. Feroz: Definitely! I have been using my social media and the most hit post which got viral, the marketing people say, had 60 million views. This was about the prevention and awareness of Coronavirus. So not only nutrition but we have to advise people on how to organize their daily routines as well. People need to utilize this time to do family bonding and give much time to religious and spiritual aspects of life.  We need to let people know that they have to incorporate nutrition and to integrate exercise into their routines. People basically have to modify their routines. 

Also, Read: A conversation with Dr. Micheal Gale Jr. on Coronavirus vaccine development

How to protect the elderly from COVID-19

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As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progresses, social distancing has emerged as an effective measure to restrain the spread of infections. Many people are now confining themselves to indoor spaces and communicating with their loved ones only through the use of electronic tools. This may have a detrimental effect on mental health, especially for adults over the age of 65 who may be less comfortable with virtual solutions. Dr. Ali Jawaid, a Pakistani-origin Neuroscientist, based in Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland, has come up with some evidence-based recommendations for protecting the mental health of the elderly that got featured in Science, the highest-ranked scientific journal in the world. 

Social isolation in seniors has been linked to increased depression and suicidality, as well as increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-viral immune responses. These effects may further increase the susceptibility of this population to COVID-19. Health care systems and communities must consider the mental health burden of social distancing for the elderly and find ways to keep them engaged and motivated. 

Mainstream media, such as television and radio, can play an essential role by including content focused on the elderly and encouraging seniors to express their views through live calls. Data indicate that the elderly view television as a medium to cope with depressive symptoms and might benefit from such engagement. 

Volunteers can maintain regular phone contact with the homebound elderly population, providing friendship and fostering a mentoring relationship, as it has been shown that adults over 60 years of age find their life more meaningful when they have the opportunity to give advice. 

Finally, existing mental health support hotlines could add outgoing calls during which mental health professionals could reach out to the elderly and screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression. These measures could improve older adults’ compliance with social distancing and help reduce the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health.

This paper has initially published in Science, one of the world’s best scientific journals.  https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6487/145.1

Later on, Team Scientia Pakistan reached out to Dr. Ali Javed and talked about the mental toll of COVID-19 on the elderly and youngsters. Below are some excerpts of this conversation.

 Scientia: Let us know about your research on the mental health impact of COVID19?

Dr: Javed: I am leading this effort with scientists from 12 different countries, and we screened around 13,000 individuals globally for the psychological impact of COVID-19. We also elucidated the factors which increase the likelihood of being psychologically affected by COVID-19. As our study is in review right now, I cannot share the exact findings with you. But we need dynamic optimization of mental health services; otherwise, we are heading into a huge mental health crisis. 

 Scientia: How can other family members help to reduce the stress on people above the ’60s?

Dr. Javed: Important to ensure that older adults stay engaged- take advice from them, make them feel important, make them understand that the whole world cares for them, and that’s why young people are following physical distancing. It is also crucial that they still have a routine, substitute the activities that they can’t do like usual with new ones. If they would go for a walk in the park, now you take a stroll with them on the terrace. If they were meeting a friend for tea, help them with video calling their friend while serving them tea. 

 Scientia: Elderly in Pakistan mostly depends on Newspapers and News channels; those are increasing coronavirus anxiety with their fake/ baseless News and 24 hours transmission entirely on the pandemic. What is the duty of other family members to help the elderly in this situation?

Dr. Javed: First and foremost, give them positive stimulation. For example, instead of showing them the number of new cases, let them update about active cases, which also includes the number of recoveries. Second, it probably would be good to limit their ‘screen time,’ especially in the evenings, because anxiety-inducing News can affect their sleep. Also, do talk about things that you plan to do with them in the future, so they have things to look forward to.

Also, Read: A talk with Dr. Ali Javed on dementia and early life trauma development